Child Abuse1 Essay Example For Students

Kid Abuse1 Essay Kid misuse can prompt low confidence and mirror a people picture as pessimistic. This relationship has been demonstrated over numerous years. Youngster misuse may cause dietary issues, antagonistic practices in kids, and may bring about lost character. Advisors, instructors, and social specialists have seen casualties of misuse develop into phases of gloom, self destruction, and most regularly, have a poor mental self portrait and a low confidence. TV introduction negatively affects allure. Numerous young ladies have created dietary issues, experience low-regard, and a huge number of individuals have experienced plastic medical procedure to resemble a model on the TV. The normal grown-up doesn't resemble Barbie or Ken. The consistent media of excellent individuals selling items will keep on effectsly affecting individuals, just as the famous pattern of going under the blade. The joblessness rate is corresponded with the rate of fierce wrongdoing. Studies have demonstrated that a jobless individual is more slope to hold up somebody for money. The allurement of cash without working is a rush and a vocation for some jobless individuals. The brutality isn't abnormal for jobless individuals, since it might be a basic instinct for a few. Reviews, tests, and observational procedures might be utilized to examine the negative effect TV has on engaging quality. An overview could be dropped to understudies in a middle school, secondary school, and in school. This review would inquire as to whether they were alright with their body and would they change any piece of their body, on the off chance that they could? It would likewise inquire as to whether any of the understudies have had plastic medical procedure, other than a birth imperfection or mishap. The overview would uncover the assessments of the understudies by age, race, and sex.The analyze allowed would permit the understudies the chance to upgrade their mental self portrait. The benchmark group and the exploratory gathering would be dealt with like Hollywood stars. These understudies would have a lot of cash, top notch administration, limousines, makeovers, and another closet. The thing that matters is the test bunch wouldbe offered demonstrating or acting profess ions. This analysis would demonstrate if there was a distinction in the benchmark group and the test gathering. To see the effect from TV, an analyst could participate in mental assessments. This would uncover the adverse confidence issues in individuals. This would permit the analyst to tune in to conversations and comprehend why individuals need to resemble their TV symbol. The overview would likely be the best technique for research. Understudies may will in general be progressively fair when their name isn't on record. There is no terrorizing and the outcomes are quick and straightforward. While exploring the effect of TV and engaging quality, the functionalist point of view would show the significance of TV. They would convince individuals that TV is instructive and fundamental to extend significant media; they would likewise accept that TV doesn't negatively affect everybody. The contention point of view would concur that TV may negatively affect the engaging quality of individuals; nonetheless, they additionally accept that the tip top and amazing are in charge of their confidence and appealing aurora, basically in light of their position or strength with riches. The interactionist point of view would concentrate on the downturn of individuals, the suicides, the low confidence, and the individual responses to media and TV. This methodology unmistakably clarifies the significance of TV and engaging quality. This point of view permits the individuals to be seen independently and impart transparently to other people. Book reference:

Perfect competition V. Monopolies Essay Example for Free

Impeccable rivalry V. Imposing business models Essay In the American Economy, business is constrained by the administration and the buyer. At the point when an individual is the proprietor of a business that is distant from everyone else in its item that it accommodates the buyer, it is supposed to be a restraining infrastructure. As a restraining infrastructure you have sole authority over cost. Imposing business models are directed by the legislature so as to forestall the abuse of intensity that a restraining infrastructure has. In the event that an individual can just get turkey, for instance from one store. At that point the store can charge much more for that turkey than it could on the off chance that the store nearby was selling it too on the grounds that, at that point there would be rivalry. Additionally, the store would not need to create a superior nature of turkey in light of the fact that there would be no purpose behind it to do as such. In this circumstance the purchaser is exploited by the entrepreneur, for this situation the store. Government controls restraining infrastructures to advance an ideal rivalry economy and to dispose of the turkey circumstance talked about above. The advantages of an ideal rivalry economy advantage shoppers. For instance, in the event that we return to the store, in an ideal rivalry economy the entirety of the stores have turkey. Presently the stores need to ensure that the turkey that they sell is the best turkey and cost the least. In this circumstance they are vieing for the customers business. In any case, entrepreneurs of a restraining infrastructure circumstance can't help contradicting the administration. When there is a business that can possibly turn into an imposing business model the administration watches it intently and the business needs to experience the legislature for mergers and such. The more the business turns into an imposing business model, the more the administration says no to the businesss demands. For instance, there is Microsoft. The legislature has been attempting to keep Microsoft from being the enormous business that it is today. Along these, taking everything into account, an ideal rivalry economy makes benefits for the buyer. Similarly, a monopolistic economy makes benefits for the entrepreneur. On the other side, an ideal rivalry shows downsides for the entrepreneur and a monopolistic economy shows disadvantages for the purchaser. The most ideal approach to run an economy is to have a harmony between the two alternatives. Americas economy does this.

Next Generations Products - a Tiny Military Flying Device Houdini 2,0 Case Study

Next Generations Products - a Tiny Military Flying Device Houdini 2,0 Case Study Next Generations Products - a Tiny Military Flying Device Houdini 2,0 â€" Case Study Example > The paper “ Next Generations Products â€" a Tiny Military Flying Device Houdini 2,0 ” is an informative example of a case study on technology. My goal in this paper is to prepare a design brief for a next-generation product designed out of emerging technologies that perform a critical role in military service. The product that has been developed was considered after thorough research in emerging technologies and issues dealing with interaction. I have christened this product as the Houdini 2.0, and in keeping with the legendary magician, it (the product) too has been designed to complete its job accurately in the least amount of time and escape to safe surroundings. In brief, the Houdini 2.0 is a tiny military flying device that dashes into a room to detect chemical or biological agents. There are four technologies that have been used in the making of this device â€" nanotechnology for the nano skin and the super nano battery, flying technology and LCD technology. This paper i s essentially divided into two categories, the first being â€" the usage of the Houdini 2.0, which describes the consumer profile, in this case, the military organization, its various applications and live examples of its usability. The second part of the paper describes in detail the technologies that have been used in the making of the product. Here we look at the core technology that has been used and the supplemental technologies that go into the making of the Houdini 2.0. Together, the two sections will give a fair description of the practical application of emerging technologies such as nanotechnology. Technology has changed the lives of people and in some places ushered in more advanced economies. Every decade has been known for a particular technology or its derivatives. In the 1980s, it was the era of personal computing, with the advent of Apple’ s computers. In the 1990s, it shifted to other technologies such as software systems and the like. The late 90s typified the era of the dotcom that led to the rise and fall of aspects related to this technology. In today’ s 21st century, we now talk about nanotechnology, and its several applications in daily life such as electronics, medicine, and energy production. One such application of nanotechnology in conjunction with other complementary technologies is in military or defense areas. Imagine a scenario in a war, where a soldier is firing weapons that smart enough to be controlled from the command center. One of the primary benefits of this technology is the promise of materials that are stronger, lighter and inexpensive. Litt le wonder that institutions such as Lockheed Martin and the Indian Institute of Technology, Delhi, have collaborated to advance the research in nanotechnology as reported by Siddiqui in Nanotechnology’ s promise for the Global defense industry. The current agreement between the two institutions is for a one-year period and will strive to develop expertise in this domain. The ultimate goal is to research areas such as nano-technology enabled biological sensors, bio-degradable materials, and bio-filters for the detection of pollution. THE DEVICE CONCEPT AND CONTEXTIn the face of the current situation faced by the world in the form of terrorist activities, it becomes increasingly critical to curbing these elements in order to provide a safe and secure environment for citizens. Not a day goes by without terrorist activities damaging life and property. According to Prados and Savranskaya, the US army in its war on terror faced an immense challenge in the hostile environs of Afghanistan, fighting the Taliban.

Essay about The Acceptance of Digital Art - 1110 Words

The Acceptance of Digital Art Digital art has a fifty-year history of innovation and experimentation with new technology. The Pioneers of digital art were not artists but people who were exploring new visions through computers and the writing of computer programs. According to the Digital Art Museum, which is a joint venture between London Guildhall University and two independent art galleries, digital art can currently be classified according to three phases Phase I of digital art was from 1956-1986. The Paintbox Era, the second phase, lasted from 1986-1996. Art software became readily available and attracted more artists to the new media. Especially useful was the paint program and devices such as the scanner and film†¦show more content†¦It is becoming more widely accepted as an art form but only a few museums and galleries display computer art. These technological innovations however, have allowed artists to combine traditional forms with new electronic techniques to produce unique and exciting works of art. The computer has increasingly become a versatile tool for digital artists. Many artists are creating dynamic and flexible works of art through computer networks. The digital age is creating a new movement in the art world and the computer is becoming a symbol for this revolution. The future of Digital art is tremendous and it has the capability of transforming how art is defined and created. It is not the tool that determines what is art, but the artist and their personal vision and style. The complexity and diversity of the new digital media will be challenging to artists and allow them a new means to express their vision of the world. Most people are of the opinion that art must be created in the old fashioned way to be considered fine art. Traditional art is created with pen and ink, brush and paint or chisel and stone. Art generated by a computer however, defies the traditional rules, values and boundaries of the mainstream art community. The computer is considered technical; therefore, it is not artistic. Computer artists must contend with the close mindedness of the traditional art world. The digital media artist is thought to be less skillful than a painter or sculptorShow MoreRelated Digital Artists Essay1282 Words   |  6 PagesDigital Artists When we think of artists, we think of paint on canvas, or clay masterpieces, or beautiful, timeless drawings, but what do you think when you hear digital artists? The acceptance of digital art into the mainstream art community is a controversy that is slowly becoming history. The controversy is essentially that many people believe that the art is created by the computer, and not by the artist. Numerous art exhibits and shows do not allow digital art in just for thatRead MoreContemporary Art Issues: Digital Art in Malaysia1334 Words   |  6 PagesIntroduction Digital art started around 1952 in US when Ben F. Laposky produced Oscillon Number Four. Artist always eager to produce something that beyond limitation of technology and mostly, artist at that time is computer programmer because no graphic software was available at that time. Herbert W. Franke, John Withney Sr. and Ben F. Laposky are one of the pioneers in digital art. Ben Laposky has created first graphic image generated by an analog machine. A mathematician and artist from IowaRead MoreEssay about Digital Art Technology1504 Words   |  7 PagesDigital Art Technology Technology is constantly growing and changing our ways of living. It makes life easier at times, and more interesting too. When one would think of art in the past, usually computers and technology did not come to mind. Now because of modern technology, the digital age is uncovering vast ways to create amazing works of art through computer tools and software. Art is now digitally created and can appear unbelievable to the modern eye. Digital art technologyRead MoreMy Grandmother Is An Artist897 Words   |  4 PagesI recently asked my grandmother, what is art? My grandmother is an artist and has been one for over fifty years, so I thought she was the best choice to give an opinion on the matter. She described art as being an expression of one’s self; that almost anything could be considered art or artistic. She was a sculptor, so I found her opinion to be a little surprising; she wasn’t a new age type artist, but a trained fine artist who has been featured in museums. She told me that many different forms ofRead MoreTranslating Art Installation into ICT: Lessons Learned from an Experience at Workspace1328 Words   |  6 Pages1. INTRODUCTION In an interactive digital art, the artwork consists in producing relationships between an active audience and a dynamic art-system [8]. These relationships are part of the concept of relational aesthetics, a tendency in contemporary art in which art is a set of artistic practices that produces a social experience completing the artwork [5]. According to Fels [26] people build relationships with objects external to their own self depending on how deeply embodied the person is intoRead MoreRelationship Between The Live Event And The Document Within Performance Practice1692 Words   |  7 Pagesdocument within performance practice, specifically focus on in relation to body, time and space. Performance art is commonly known as a performance presented to a viewer within a fine art context. Through performance artists emphasize the body’s role in artistic production. Performance archive has been characterized as a false representation of the art performance in the past. Yet, in con temporary art the relationship between live performance practices and documentation has overcome to reconciliation. WhetherRead MoreRelationship Between The Live Event And The Document Within Performance Practice1588 Words   |  7 Pageswithin performance practice, specifically focus on in relation to body, time and space. Performance art is commonly known as a performance presented to a viewer within a fine art context. Through performance artists emphasize the body’s role in artistic production. Historically, performance archive has been characterized as an unfaithful representation of the momentary art experience. Yet, in contemporary art the relationship between live performance practices and documentation has progressed towards reconciliationRead MoreThe New Queen Of Pop872 Words   |  4 PagesThe New Queen of Pop? â€Å"My artpop could mean anything† (Lady Gaga, 2013). Lady Gaga’s incredibly creative and diverse music and art influenced the music industry, making her one of the most influential people in the world. Gaga grew up with an interest in music, her music influenced by Christianity in her family. She began singing at open mic bar nights in New York, with several small bands. Soon, she broke onto the scene, and released her album, The Fame. (â€Å"Lady Gaga†, 2010) Quickly, she grew inRead MoreStudying the Art of Games1251 Words   |  6 Pagesthousands of years, and with the advent of digital media, have become ever more prevalent in our society. Much like what was once thought of movies, games are often dismissed as a form of artistic expression. Lacking this widespread acceptance, the study of games and their effects on our lives is somewhat lacking. Games provide incredible possibilities for artistic expression, and contain the potential to expand our academic understanding. This means that games are art, and have become so wide spread thatRead MoreNursing Informatics Analysis Essay909 Words   |  4 Pagesthe healthcare system. It is their collective wisdom that makes the necessary impact. In the future, we can expect to see the improvements in healthcare proliferate, as will their demand. However, the core of NI will remain; it is the science and art that transforms data into knowledge thereby enhancing patient care. FIGURE 2. Data, Information, and Knowledge Triad (Kaminski)

Title Frederick Douglass. Identity Is One Of The Most

Title: Frederick Douglass Identity is one of the most powerful things that we have in our blood. We can have royal blood, white blood, black blood or indigenous blood. What does it matter? We all are human beings. The question is why are we still fighting about slavery, racism or discriminating about someone else’s status? Frederick Douglass shows us how white slaveholders perpetuated slavery by keeping their slaves ignorant. He wrote that they believed that blacks were inherently incapable of participating in civil society and thus should be kept as workers for white people. Although reading about Frederick Douglass helped me to understand the conflict we now face, it makes me sick living in this world we have created. â€Å"Slavery was a†¦show more content†¦This is an announcement by Douglas where she denotes his mother. This exhibit an extreme poor character of so called slave holders and owners. People should have the right to live free and make a decent living freely. Personally, I detest the system that many victims have fallen into. One of the most important ways slaves were kept in bondage was not simply the threat of physical brutality; rather, it was through deep and sustained ignorance. Slaves were not allowed to read and write and were thus generally not aware of the events outside of the plantation. They could not communicate with each other well to form a rebellion or conduct escape plans, and could not attain the sense of self-sufficiency and pride that came from being lettered. Literacy brought with it an understanding of the larger world. It opened up before a slave the idea of justice and an understanding of history. Reading the Bible led to a truer comprehension of Christianity. Douglass was able to first engage with abolitionism when he attained literacy. He also became fully aware of the reality of slavery; he wrote [Literacy] had given me a view of my wretc hed condition, without the remedy. It opened my eyes to the horrible pit, but to no ladder upon which to get out. In moments of agony, I envied my fellow-slaves for their stupidity. Ignorance was thus a way forShow MoreRelatedNarrative Of The Life Of Frederick Douglass, An American Slave1251 Words   |  6 PagesJustine Boonstra Frey- Period 1 MAJOR WORKS REVIEW AP Lang Version GENERAL 1. Douglass, Frederick. Narrative of the Life of Frederick Douglass, an American Slave. 1845. New York: Fine, 2003. Print. 2. Autobiography STRUCTURE 1. Point of View: First Person, the narrator Frederick Douglass 2. Relationship of POV to meaning: 3. Plot Structure a. Exposition: Douglass describes that his mother was a black slave, and his father was a white man. Thus, he was born into slavery and was sent off toRead MoreNarrative Of The Life Of Frederick Douglass1255 Words   |  6 PagesFrederick Douglass, throughout Narrative of the Life of Frederick Douglass, uses religion to get many of his points across. In one way, religion plays a huge role in Douglass’ ability to become literate throughout the text. With the Bible and other Christian texts, Douglass is able to further his ability and the ability of others to read. This becomes important because as Douglass points out the slaveholders believe a literate slave is not a good slave. This union of literacy and religion show theRead MoreThe Narrative Of The Life Of Frederick Douglass1790 Words   |  8 PagesThe Narrative Slavery can be viewed as one of the greatest examples of immoral treatment towards African Americans in the United States alone. Most Africans that were either captured, born, or sold in America, lived the life of a typical slave, however Frederick Douglass was the exception. Douglass, was an African American writer, abolitionist, and so much more, but before any of this, he was a slave. Fortunately, his master never treated him unkindly, until he was sent to be with a master thatRead MoreThe Diverse Forms Of Slave Resistance And Rebellion3083 Words   |  13 PagesTitle: The main purpose of this research is to enumerate the diverse forms of slave resistance and rebellion, also with those specific methods of each of it .Slavery society was a unique society existed in the United States of America in the 18th and 19th centuries, a dark period full of exploitation, rudeness and oppression. By analyzing, comparing and concluding both of the efficiency and affluence of various anti-slavery attempts carriedRead MoreProgress, Not Always a Good Thing Essay2178 Words   |  9 PagesOne of the few things that Americans can agree on is progress, it moves us forward, fuels the economy, creates opportunity, and is always I good sign for the future. But not for everyone. There is a dark side to progress, one that is usually swept under the rug in the modern world, but in early America it was much harder to just ignore the exploited paying for the progress they would most likely not enjoy. As a concept progress brought people together in spirit, but in reality stra tified the societyRead MoreHarriet Tubman And The Safety Of The North999 Words   |  4 Pages â€Å"never ran my train off the track and I never lost a passenger (192).† During this entire operation, Harriet Tubman’s identity remained a secret, being referred to by the alias â€Å"Moses†, and was never caught. Throughout these years, Tubman was also able to develop relationships with many other important abolitionist members of the Underground Railroad such as Frederick Douglass, who harbored several slaves in his home in upstate New York and journalist for The Liberator, William Lloyd Garrison. Read More Social and Legal Definitions of Slavery Narrative of the Life of Frederick Douglass, an American Slave3974 Words   |  16 Pagesrose. (Douglass 112, chapt. 10) In Chapter 10 of Frederick Douglass Narrative of the Life of... an American Slave, Douglass describes an important incident in which he forces backward the standard master-slave hierarchy of beating privileges against his temporary master, Mr. Covey. The victory proves for Douglass a remarkable source of renewed yearning for freedom and of self-confidence; as he rose physically, standing up to fight, he rose in spirit. Covey did not have Douglass in the senseRead MoreFrederick Douglass and Benjamin Franklin1483 Words   |  6 Pages Frederick Douglass and Benjamin Franklin American success history recognizes the contributions made by two of its renowned leaders. The two are regarded as heroes despite the obvious differences between them abound. The two figures are regarded with comparable amounts of reverence even though they lived their lives in different ways. Nevertheless, both Benjamin Franklin and Fredrick Douglas gained their status through treading pathway of hard work. This paper, therefore, seeks to discuss the experiencesRead MoreAnalysis Of Sapphire Along The Spectrum Of The Slave Narrative And The Neoslave Narrative2945 Words   |  12 Pagesfemale, black identity. The narrative of Push utilises a number of stylistic devices that make it one of the most intriguing African American novels in recent years. The use of poetry, the Harlem black vernacular, letters, drawings and journal entries all come together to present a highly stylised and more comprehensive understanding of Precious as a character. These devices, as well as other elements of formal design and thematic content in Push offer a refreshing new take on the most traditionalRead MoreHalf Of A Yellow Sun Analysis1907 Words   |  8 PagesConversely, in Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie’s novel Half of a Yellow Sun, the transformative power of language is not realized by a loss of language, identity, and agency, but rather is realized by a gaining of them. However, the respect and wonder that Ovid holds in regards to language and literacy is mirrored in this text by Ugwu. Half of a Yellow Sun opens on Ugwu’s move from a small village in Nigeria to Odenigbo’s house in Nsukka . In the first chapter of the novel, Adichie skillfully includes a

Landmine Research Paper Free Essays

Abstract My research topic was landmines. At first I thought that the topic was too broad but came to find that there is so much about the topic that can be discovered. This brought on so many possible research questions. We will write a custom essay sample on Landmine Research Paper or any similar topic only for you Order Now A few were: are they the most dangerous, should they be banned, how long have they been used etc. However, I found that researching the dangers of landmines would be the most appropriate topic for me. My method was to search through the databases and find information that could help formulate a thesis; once that was created I continued my research to help me discover topics for body paragraphs. My research brought me to a lot of conclusions and made me realize that landmines are in fact the most dangerous weapon that can be used it war. A Geographer Explores a Path of Destruction â€Å"Since 1975, landmines have killed or maimed more than 1-million people [across the world]† (Bonsor, 2001). Landmines are becoming increasingly more dangerous as they are constantly being used in wars. At the time, they seem like the best choice of weaponry but in reality, there are so many more efficient and safer choices that can be made. As I am human geographer, I am concerned with the study of people and places. Therefore, studying how landmines affect the people and their country is a huge part of what I do. It is said that the earliest forms of landmines were used over 2,500 years ago but that Americans were the first to use operational landmines in the war against the Indians in Florida in 1840 (Croll, 1998). Landmines have been used for so long and are becoming more and more dangerous. They used to be manually operated but quickly were developed to blow up when a certain amount of pressure was put on them. However, it was not until 1918 that landmines started being used on a large scale level; this began because assault tanks were now used in wars as well (Croll, 1998). If it were not for landmines, a lot of damage to citizens, animals, and resources would not occur. There are also two categories of landmines; Anti-personnel (AP) mines and Anti-Tank (AT) mines. AT mines are usually larger and contain more explosive materials. These mines are used to disable tanks, trucks, and the people in the surrounding area. They also require more pressure on the rigger plate for it to explode (Bonsor, 2001). However, no matter what type of mine it is, they can all do equal damage on a human being. The damage can be life threatening or even deadly. Mines cannot detect when the war is over or who is stepping on them; they are so dangerous to everyone around them. Sadly, some countries are a lot more affected by landmines than others (Croll, 1998). There are 26 countries in Africa, 9 countries in Amer ica, 17 countries in Asia, 25 countries in Europe, and 16 countries in the Middle East all being seriously affected by landmines. These are said to be the countries most affect by this deadly weapon of defense. Landmines are the most dangerous weapon to use in war because they are so deadly, they exists after the war ends, people forget where they placed them, they are cheap to make yet effective, and they kill civilians as well as the enemy. â€Å"Currently, there are more than 100-million landmines located in 70 countries around the world† (Bonsor, 2001). This number is outrageous seeing as many of these countries no longer have war raging through their country. Almost every war uses landmines because they are effective. The purpose of mines when used by armed forces is to disable any person or vehicle that comes into contact with it by an explosion or fragments released at high speeds† (Bonsor, 2001). We know that they are effective and that is why we use them. Nonetheless, we know that they are deadly and can kill in a matter of seconds. If you look at the map on page 8, you can see the large n umber of casualties throughout the world in 2008. The areas that are blue have high casualty rates; there is too much blue on that map for anyone to accept the horrors that landmines bring to war. Hopefully, one day, we will see white on every country proving that mines are no longer killing people across the world. Another scary thought is that in many instances, the mines do not kill the victim. Loss of arms and legs are very common in these injuries. These injuries do not only physically damage you but according to Shah, 2009, they leave a mental scar on the victim as well. Many people never recover from these traumatic injuries. It is difficult to imagine ever dealing with what these citizens must go through on a daily basis. How many people can actually say they would not fear leaving their own homes after such a terrible experience? Even when the war is over, the mines are not removed. They sit in the ground for years and years to come until some unfortunate soul is unlucky enough to be the one to detonate it. â€Å"Anti-personnel landmines continue to have tragic, unintended consequences years after a battle and even the entire war has ended† (Bonsor, 2001). The process it would take to remove these landmines is a lot more intricate than it is to install them in the first place. You would have to disable it from above ground or detonate it and that would become very difficult and dangerous for the workers. Doing this is not worth it for them, especially if they are not fighting on their own soil. Fighting for your own country is a lot more inconvenient. You may know that land a lot better which gives you an advantage, like in the Vietnam War. Yet, we also have to think about how they are depleting their own resources, destroying their land, and harming their own people. They have to deal with more tragedy once the war is over. We would reason that they would want to avoid using landmines on their own land, but it has yet to stop any country in any war. Landmines are also making globalization a lot harder because it is causing boundaries between countries; that’s what war does. Having landmines deepens the hate between countries because they cause so much pain. It is hard to trust a country that wants to help you become a core country when they have already destroyed so much of what you love. Thermal infrared (IR) technique has been applied to the detection of shallowly buried landmines for more than a decade and has been found to be promising for non-metallic mines. Its aim is to detect and distinguish landmines from other buried objects (false alarms) using diurnal IR measurements of the air-soil interface† (Thanh, 2011). Although this is very convenient, it does not always work. Many landmines are in fact metallic so if it can only de tect non-metallic mines, then it is missing a large amount of deadly weapons. The technique is an amazing start but it is not enough to say that the use of landmines should be allowed. Until a machine is invented that can detect any landmine, none should be used. However, if something like this is invented, it defeats the purpose of the mines all together. Either way, with advancements in this day and age, it will not be long before something this magnificent is created and the use of mines is unnecessary; therefore saving hundreds of lives every year. The more they use landmines, the more innocent lives are going to be taken once the conflict has been concluded. Not only do the landmines remain in the ground years after conflict has ended, but often soldiers forget where they have been placed. As time passes, the location of landmines is often forgotten, even by those who planted them† (Bonsor, 2001). This makes these mines even more dangerous. We know that they can kill someone in an instant, but knowing that we do not even know there location is terrifying. Anyone could visit a foreign country and potentially be affected by these killing machines. There is nothing we can even do at this point, especially when it is not on our on soil. When one country invades another, it makes sense that they forget about the location, but when it is your own country, the circumstances are completely different. They are now killing their own people and that is wrong on every possible level. â€Å"Furthermore, in the midst of a conflict or in preparation, records are rarely kept on exact locations for any or all landmines† (Shah, 2009). Therefore, they either do not have a record at all or completely forget about them. These conditions are daunting to imagine. We would hope that if war ever struck in the United States that we would be willing to remove the mines or detonate them before we forgot exactly where we put them. It is scary to think of the possibility of death in your own country post-war due to the effects of war. Since the death toll of landmines is so high we know that they are effective, however many people do not know that they are cheap to make as well. â€Å"Landmines are easy-to-make, cheap and effective weapons that can be deployed easily over large areas to prevent enemy movements† (Bonsor, 2001). The fact that they are cheap makes it a lot easier and more convenient to use them in wars. We could predict that if they were not so cheap then less countries would want to use them as a weapon. However, at this point in time, it seems that the only thing that could possibly stop the use of landmines is a law. It would be great if everyone just stopped using them because the causality rate is so high but they are more worried about killing soldiers and do not worry about what is going to happen to the civilians decades later. The more wars they are used in, the easier and cheaper it gets to produce them (Thanh, 2011). This should be reason enough to stop all use of the mines. This needs to end before it is too late. Too many people are getting maimed by these mines. It is clear that they are beneficial during the war but the affects after the war are far from worth a potential victory. It is not fair to the rest of the world to use these when we are the ones getting caught in the crossfire. Once the war had ended, the only people left to be effected by the landmines are the citizens. â€Å"Horrific stories and pictures from all around the world often showed that civilians were the main landmine casualties in large numbers — and continued to be so years after the warring factions have left the battlefield† (Shah, 2009). This is alarming to hear. They did nothing to deserve this terrible fate therefore they should not be the ones whose lives are destroyed because of them. One of the worst parts of the situation is that the ones affected are often children. You may see the physical damages on the outside, but there are so many mental scars on the inside. â€Å"Education rates among child survivors are lower than average while school drop-outs are more frequent, diminishing employment prospects later on† (Shah, 2009). It is not fair that children have to suffer so much for a war they may not have even been alive to experience. Even if they had been alive it is unlikely that they had been a part of the war; they were most likely just a citizen in a village or town nearby. There futures are ruined due to factors that are not their fault; it is a miserable start to a child’s life leading to an even more miserable ending. They do not deserve to live under these horrible conditions. We should be able to do more to help, but at this point, there is nothing we can do but hope that innocent people stop getting injured. Landmines are becoming more dangerous as the number of casualties increase. Many civilians may have to resort to voluntary migration to avoid the dangers that the area may bring. Something needs to be done to stop these terrifying mines from being used during war. The five themes of geography can be applied because the layout and production of landmines relates to it. The first theme is location. Landmines are everywhere. In the map on page 8, we can see just how common they really are and just how many people are affected by them. They were not put into the Earth so that people would never set them off, they were meant to destroy. The second theme is human-environment interaction; the relationship between human and the physical world. The mines could be around any corner of the world and these causes a relationship of fear for the people living with these dangers. The third theme is region. This relates to landmines because more often than not, landmines are placed in regions that soldiers would be crossing. They are strategically placed by the enemy. â€Å"[We as geographers] use fieldwork, quantitative, and qualitative methods to develop insightful descriptions of different regions of the world† (Fouberg, 2009). The fourth theme is place. Each landmine has a unique location depending on who planted it and who their target is. Each landmine has its own distinctive mission. Finally, the fifth theme is movement. Civilians must relocate during and after war to avoid the tragedies brought on by landmines and even other war effects. This is not fair to them but it is something that should be done to ensure their safety and the safety of their families. My conclusions is that landmines are the most dangerous weapon to use in war because they are so deadly, they exists after the war ends, people forget where they placed them, they are cheap to make yet effective, and they kill civilians. All these reasons are enough to show that landmines should not be used in wars. â€Å"These landmines are perhaps amongst the most awful weapons on the battlefield today, they are inanimate victim-activated explosive devices recognizing neither friend nor foe, making no distinctions between soldiers or civilians they continue maiming and killing long after war is over†(Shaun, 2011). None of the achievements seem worth all the pain and suffering. It may seem that they are helping in war efforts but in the long run, they are doing more damage than good. These mines continue to be functional for many decades, causing further damage, injury and death† (Bonsor, 2001). It is unfathomable to understand the fear that goes through the minds of civilians in many countries when they walk out the door. Could I fall victim to a landmine today? Do they have any idea what is coming? They may even think that nothing will happen to them or that all the mines have been detonated. Little d o they know, there are still hundreds, maybe even thousands still lurking in the soil of a place they call home. http://www. he-monitor. org/index. php/publications/display? url=lm/2009/maps/casualties. html This is a map of the world that shows the number of casualties, in 2008, that mines and explosive remnants of war (ERW) have caused. Works Cited Bonsor, Kevin. (19 June 2001). How Landmines Work. How Stuff Works. Retrieved from http://science. howstuffworks. com/landmine7. htm Croll, Mike. (November 1998). History of Landmines. Pen and Sword Books. Retrieved from http://members. iinet. net. au/~pictim/mines/history/history. html Fouberg, Erin H. (2009). Human Geography: People, Place, and Culture. New York: John Wiley Sons, Inc. Shah, Anup. (27 November 2009). Landmines. Global Issues. Retrieved from http://www. globalissues. org/article/79/landmines Shaun, Allan. (2011). Call of Duty – Modern Warfare: The Effects of Landmines and IEDs on British Troops in Afghanistan. Baltic Security and Defense Review, Vol. 13, 6-20. Thanh, Nguyen Trung. (April 2011). Detection and characterization of buried landmines using infrared thermography. Inverse Problems in Science Engineering, Vol. 19, 281-301. How to cite Landmine Research Paper, Essays

Landmine Research Paper Free Essays

Abstract My research topic was landmines. At first I thought that the topic was too broad but came to find that there is so much about the topic that can be discovered. This brought on so many possible research questions. We will write a custom essay sample on Landmine Research Paper or any similar topic only for you Order Now A few were: are they the most dangerous, should they be banned, how long have they been used etc. However, I found that researching the dangers of landmines would be the most appropriate topic for me. My method was to search through the databases and find information that could help formulate a thesis; once that was created I continued my research to help me discover topics for body paragraphs. My research brought me to a lot of conclusions and made me realize that landmines are in fact the most dangerous weapon that can be used it war. A Geographer Explores a Path of Destruction â€Å"Since 1975, landmines have killed or maimed more than 1-million people [across the world]† (Bonsor, 2001). Landmines are becoming increasingly more dangerous as they are constantly being used in wars. At the time, they seem like the best choice of weaponry but in reality, there are so many more efficient and safer choices that can be made. As I am human geographer, I am concerned with the study of people and places. Therefore, studying how landmines affect the people and their country is a huge part of what I do. It is said that the earliest forms of landmines were used over 2,500 years ago but that Americans were the first to use operational landmines in the war against the Indians in Florida in 1840 (Croll, 1998). Landmines have been used for so long and are becoming more and more dangerous. They used to be manually operated but quickly were developed to blow up when a certain amount of pressure was put on them. However, it was not until 1918 that landmines started being used on a large scale level; this began because assault tanks were now used in wars as well (Croll, 1998). If it were not for landmines, a lot of damage to citizens, animals, and resources would not occur. There are also two categories of landmines; Anti-personnel (AP) mines and Anti-Tank (AT) mines. AT mines are usually larger and contain more explosive materials. These mines are used to disable tanks, trucks, and the people in the surrounding area. They also require more pressure on the rigger plate for it to explode (Bonsor, 2001). However, no matter what type of mine it is, they can all do equal damage on a human being. The damage can be life threatening or even deadly. Mines cannot detect when the war is over or who is stepping on them; they are so dangerous to everyone around them. Sadly, some countries are a lot more affected by landmines than others (Croll, 1998). There are 26 countries in Africa, 9 countries in Amer ica, 17 countries in Asia, 25 countries in Europe, and 16 countries in the Middle East all being seriously affected by landmines. These are said to be the countries most affect by this deadly weapon of defense. Landmines are the most dangerous weapon to use in war because they are so deadly, they exists after the war ends, people forget where they placed them, they are cheap to make yet effective, and they kill civilians as well as the enemy. â€Å"Currently, there are more than 100-million landmines located in 70 countries around the world† (Bonsor, 2001). This number is outrageous seeing as many of these countries no longer have war raging through their country. Almost every war uses landmines because they are effective. The purpose of mines when used by armed forces is to disable any person or vehicle that comes into contact with it by an explosion or fragments released at high speeds† (Bonsor, 2001). We know that they are effective and that is why we use them. Nonetheless, we know that they are deadly and can kill in a matter of seconds. If you look at the map on page 8, you can see the large n umber of casualties throughout the world in 2008. The areas that are blue have high casualty rates; there is too much blue on that map for anyone to accept the horrors that landmines bring to war. Hopefully, one day, we will see white on every country proving that mines are no longer killing people across the world. Another scary thought is that in many instances, the mines do not kill the victim. Loss of arms and legs are very common in these injuries. These injuries do not only physically damage you but according to Shah, 2009, they leave a mental scar on the victim as well. Many people never recover from these traumatic injuries. It is difficult to imagine ever dealing with what these citizens must go through on a daily basis. How many people can actually say they would not fear leaving their own homes after such a terrible experience? Even when the war is over, the mines are not removed. They sit in the ground for years and years to come until some unfortunate soul is unlucky enough to be the one to detonate it. â€Å"Anti-personnel landmines continue to have tragic, unintended consequences years after a battle and even the entire war has ended† (Bonsor, 2001). The process it would take to remove these landmines is a lot more intricate than it is to install them in the first place. You would have to disable it from above ground or detonate it and that would become very difficult and dangerous for the workers. Doing this is not worth it for them, especially if they are not fighting on their own soil. Fighting for your own country is a lot more inconvenient. You may know that land a lot better which gives you an advantage, like in the Vietnam War. Yet, we also have to think about how they are depleting their own resources, destroying their land, and harming their own people. They have to deal with more tragedy once the war is over. We would reason that they would want to avoid using landmines on their own land, but it has yet to stop any country in any war. Landmines are also making globalization a lot harder because it is causing boundaries between countries; that’s what war does. Having landmines deepens the hate between countries because they cause so much pain. It is hard to trust a country that wants to help you become a core country when they have already destroyed so much of what you love. Thermal infrared (IR) technique has been applied to the detection of shallowly buried landmines for more than a decade and has been found to be promising for non-metallic mines. Its aim is to detect and distinguish landmines from other buried objects (false alarms) using diurnal IR measurements of the air-soil interface† (Thanh, 2011). Although this is very convenient, it does not always work. Many landmines are in fact metallic so if it can only de tect non-metallic mines, then it is missing a large amount of deadly weapons. The technique is an amazing start but it is not enough to say that the use of landmines should be allowed. Until a machine is invented that can detect any landmine, none should be used. However, if something like this is invented, it defeats the purpose of the mines all together. Either way, with advancements in this day and age, it will not be long before something this magnificent is created and the use of mines is unnecessary; therefore saving hundreds of lives every year. The more they use landmines, the more innocent lives are going to be taken once the conflict has been concluded. Not only do the landmines remain in the ground years after conflict has ended, but often soldiers forget where they have been placed. As time passes, the location of landmines is often forgotten, even by those who planted them† (Bonsor, 2001). This makes these mines even more dangerous. We know that they can kill someone in an instant, but knowing that we do not even know there location is terrifying. Anyone could visit a foreign country and potentially be affected by these killing machines. There is nothing we can even do at this point, especially when it is not on our on soil. When one country invades another, it makes sense that they forget about the location, but when it is your own country, the circumstances are completely different. They are now killing their own people and that is wrong on every possible level. â€Å"Furthermore, in the midst of a conflict or in preparation, records are rarely kept on exact locations for any or all landmines† (Shah, 2009). Therefore, they either do not have a record at all or completely forget about them. These conditions are daunting to imagine. We would hope that if war ever struck in the United States that we would be willing to remove the mines or detonate them before we forgot exactly where we put them. It is scary to think of the possibility of death in your own country post-war due to the effects of war. Since the death toll of landmines is so high we know that they are effective, however many people do not know that they are cheap to make as well. â€Å"Landmines are easy-to-make, cheap and effective weapons that can be deployed easily over large areas to prevent enemy movements† (Bonsor, 2001). The fact that they are cheap makes it a lot easier and more convenient to use them in wars. We could predict that if they were not so cheap then less countries would want to use them as a weapon. However, at this point in time, it seems that the only thing that could possibly stop the use of landmines is a law. It would be great if everyone just stopped using them because the causality rate is so high but they are more worried about killing soldiers and do not worry about what is going to happen to the civilians decades later. The more wars they are used in, the easier and cheaper it gets to produce them (Thanh, 2011). This should be reason enough to stop all use of the mines. This needs to end before it is too late. Too many people are getting maimed by these mines. It is clear that they are beneficial during the war but the affects after the war are far from worth a potential victory. It is not fair to the rest of the world to use these when we are the ones getting caught in the crossfire. Once the war had ended, the only people left to be effected by the landmines are the citizens. â€Å"Horrific stories and pictures from all around the world often showed that civilians were the main landmine casualties in large numbers — and continued to be so years after the warring factions have left the battlefield† (Shah, 2009). This is alarming to hear. They did nothing to deserve this terrible fate therefore they should not be the ones whose lives are destroyed because of them. One of the worst parts of the situation is that the ones affected are often children. You may see the physical damages on the outside, but there are so many mental scars on the inside. â€Å"Education rates among child survivors are lower than average while school drop-outs are more frequent, diminishing employment prospects later on† (Shah, 2009). It is not fair that children have to suffer so much for a war they may not have even been alive to experience. Even if they had been alive it is unlikely that they had been a part of the war; they were most likely just a citizen in a village or town nearby. There futures are ruined due to factors that are not their fault; it is a miserable start to a child’s life leading to an even more miserable ending. They do not deserve to live under these horrible conditions. We should be able to do more to help, but at this point, there is nothing we can do but hope that innocent people stop getting injured. Landmines are becoming more dangerous as the number of casualties increase. Many civilians may have to resort to voluntary migration to avoid the dangers that the area may bring. Something needs to be done to stop these terrifying mines from being used during war. The five themes of geography can be applied because the layout and production of landmines relates to it. The first theme is location. Landmines are everywhere. In the map on page 8, we can see just how common they really are and just how many people are affected by them. They were not put into the Earth so that people would never set them off, they were meant to destroy. The second theme is human-environment interaction; the relationship between human and the physical world. The mines could be around any corner of the world and these causes a relationship of fear for the people living with these dangers. The third theme is region. This relates to landmines because more often than not, landmines are placed in regions that soldiers would be crossing. They are strategically placed by the enemy. â€Å"[We as geographers] use fieldwork, quantitative, and qualitative methods to develop insightful descriptions of different regions of the world† (Fouberg, 2009). The fourth theme is place. Each landmine has a unique location depending on who planted it and who their target is. Each landmine has its own distinctive mission. Finally, the fifth theme is movement. Civilians must relocate during and after war to avoid the tragedies brought on by landmines and even other war effects. This is not fair to them but it is something that should be done to ensure their safety and the safety of their families. My conclusions is that landmines are the most dangerous weapon to use in war because they are so deadly, they exists after the war ends, people forget where they placed them, they are cheap to make yet effective, and they kill civilians. All these reasons are enough to show that landmines should not be used in wars. â€Å"These landmines are perhaps amongst the most awful weapons on the battlefield today, they are inanimate victim-activated explosive devices recognizing neither friend nor foe, making no distinctions between soldiers or civilians they continue maiming and killing long after war is over†(Shaun, 2011). None of the achievements seem worth all the pain and suffering. It may seem that they are helping in war efforts but in the long run, they are doing more damage than good. These mines continue to be functional for many decades, causing further damage, injury and death† (Bonsor, 2001). It is unfathomable to understand the fear that goes through the minds of civilians in many countries when they walk out the door. Could I fall victim to a landmine today? Do they have any idea what is coming? They may even think that nothing will happen to them or that all the mines have been detonated. Little d o they know, there are still hundreds, maybe even thousands still lurking in the soil of a place they call home. http://www. he-monitor. org/index. php/publications/display? url=lm/2009/maps/casualties. html This is a map of the world that shows the number of casualties, in 2008, that mines and explosive remnants of war (ERW) have caused. Works Cited Bonsor, Kevin. (19 June 2001). How Landmines Work. How Stuff Works. Retrieved from http://science. howstuffworks. com/landmine7. htm Croll, Mike. (November 1998). History of Landmines. Pen and Sword Books. Retrieved from http://members. iinet. net. au/~pictim/mines/history/history. html Fouberg, Erin H. (2009). Human Geography: People, Place, and Culture. New York: John Wiley Sons, Inc. Shah, Anup. (27 November 2009). Landmines. Global Issues. Retrieved from http://www. globalissues. org/article/79/landmines Shaun, Allan. (2011). Call of Duty – Modern Warfare: The Effects of Landmines and IEDs on British Troops in Afghanistan. Baltic Security and Defense Review, Vol. 13, 6-20. Thanh, Nguyen Trung. (April 2011). Detection and characterization of buried landmines using infrared thermography. Inverse Problems in Science Engineering, Vol. 19, 281-301. How to cite Landmine Research Paper, Essays

Psychological Physical - Social and Emotional Effects of Playing Online

Question: Discuss about the Psychological Physical, Social and Emotional Effects of Playing Online and Video Games. Answer: Video games are played and enjoyed by millions of people round the globe. At first, there was a common ruling that video games were mainly enjoyed or rather played by the underage individuals who were still having much time and were in need to play as leisure since they had too much time that they could get bored if they lack anything to do. Some recent research indicates that as of now the video games are played by any other especially the age bracket of forty years and below. Video games have nowadays grown to be important parts of our lives especially when we are bored and have nothing else to do. They have enabled many of us to pass the time where possible and have also been a great deal. Video games are played by both males and females. There was a growing stereotype earlier that video games were majorly dominated by the males and only a few females had interests in it. Initially the video game players statistics had the males accounting for a total percentage of [eighty-four pe rcent. As at now, research has indicated that female individuals who take part in online gaming spend the same amount of time as the males doing the same. Therefore we can see that the video gaming activity has taken over the world as a whole and not just a specific bunch of people. With the increasing change in the gamer, demographics has emerged both positive and negative impacts upon the gamers lives. This paper, therefore, discusses some of the psychological, physical, social and emotional effects of playing online and video games? To start with the psychological effect, we can see that the video games have impacted both negative and positive effects upon the gamers lives. To start with the negative effects, we can see that video gaming courses addiction to those who are playing it. According to the Brian D Ng, M.S and Peter Wiemer-Hastings (2005), they say tat te addiction is brought as a result of paying to much attention to the game, prosocial behavior, increased game graphic making it more interesting and also the resilience to face challenges and succeed. It is said that the game appeals the mind in such a manner that the player gives in to symptoms like tolerance, craving and withdrawal symptoms of proving that they can pass a challenge no matter how many times they failed. For the gamers, the effect of addiction has come along with obsession in such a manner that many prefer to play even when they have some errand that they need to work on. Others have been addicted such that they fail to come out of the house and sit idle not knowing even anything new that might have popped out in the society. Some other research indicates that video game playing comes along with psychological advantages. This is because it equips the gamer with skills in the cognitive domain. That is those who are gaming especially the shooting games have been in a position to develop more and faster accurate attention skills, enhanced mental rotation skills and increased spatial visual processing skills. Regarding the physical effects, we can see that video gaming has brought up the attribute of aggression upon players. Aggression has brought about both positive and negative effects on gamers as they play and when they are in their normal social life. To start with the negative side, we can take note that most video games that demonstrated the aspect of aggression were primarily containing the violent content and this majorly affected the male gamers. Some study by Griffith and Eastin (2006) indicate that virtual reality games recorded the highest number of hostile related actions which are very influential in the aggressive thoughts, behaviors, and feelings of the gamer. This is very evident from shooting games like the shooter or fighting ones like the mortal combat for example. In this kind of games, violence is as its peak with the gamer being faced by the primary goal of destroying various opponents by fighting them in whatever way they can to win. It is also said that the aggre ssive content in the virtual reality games makes the gamers to acquire some detached view of the society where they feel they can carry on with the tendencies and thoughts of aggression. This is because the video games tend to become even more real thereby fading away from the clear difference between reality and gaming. In such a case kids or rather any other class of gamers tend to exercise what they see in the games on real-life activities which leads to crime and violence. Video game s also show some adverse effects on cognitive skills. Tsi is evident from the fact that more time was spent on gaming which affected both the academic and occupational performance of most individuals. Gamin affects the academic performance in that kids would prefer to game a lot instead of reading. Moreover, the gaming affects one mentally thereby making one to forget or rather loose interests in academics because the gamer would feel like it is boring and needs something as interesting as the game. Some research conducted by Smyth (2009) indicate that there was a negative correlation between occupation and gaming addiction. It indicates that most people were losing their jobs because they came to work late after playing the games for the whole night. There is also some clear indication that gaming has led to an increase in the level of unemployment because some people have most of their time consumed on gaming instead of going out in search for jobs. Gaming also comes along with social impacts. This is because through gaming friendship ties can be developed. We all know that friendship is essential in the lives of the young people. This is because it provides room for identity formation, social support, and emotional growth. Friendship in adolescents, for example, is very vital as it brings about wellbeing and happiness which help eradicate the feelings of loneliness and social anxiety. Moreover, the social support and intimacy actions brought about by the existence of friendship ties results in psychological adjustment and improved health in the later lives of the adolescents. Taking all these myriad effects into account, it can be seen that getting to comprehend some of the factors that help people interact and spend quality time are important. Video games play a significant part in ensuring it. This is because of most of the players game online, and during that time they get to interact with other new people whom they have nev er met. Apart from the fact that video games come along with positive social effects, it can also be realized that video games have cost most lives emotionally. This comes where one is challenged or loses a match every time he plays a given game like football for example. Do not forget that these games are also just like the gambling games where one can put a bet over his head thinking that he or she is going to win the game but eventually loses. Think of a case where such a person used some cash that he or she was supposed to use somewhere else like clear his debt or may use it to pay for his rent. In such a case the person is affected emotionally living with the guilt of being a loser with no any other option of taking care of his financial problems. Such like cases have resulted into huge dramas like disagreements or others ending up dead for committing suicide or just as a result of stress. A practical example is as indicated by Victoria Anne Sublette and Barbara Mullan in their article of Consequences of play: A Systemic Review of the Effects of Online Gaming. It is in this article where we find that twenty-six-year-old Chinese man collapsed and died in the year 2007.He was found to have suffered the heart attack after spending all his new year holiday time gaming some video games over the computer. Another incidence is as observed in South Korea where a twenty-eight-year-old died of the same after a fifty hour non-stop computer game play. Such like cases also cause social impacts especially to the families of the deceased, who will feel remorseful for the loss of their loved ones. More important is the fact that such like cases would lead to the rise of panic among computer gamers. In conclusion, it is said that gaming is just as gambling. It may leads to both positive and negative social effect therefore it is recommended that one should control the time he/she takes during game. The game just like betting can make one feel guilt of being a loser. References Title: Consequences of Play: A Systematic Review of the Effects of Online Gaming Authors: Victoria Anne Sublette, Barbara Mullan Journal details: International Journal of Mental Health and Addiction, February 2012, Volume 10, Issue 1, pp 323 DOI: 10.1007/s11469-010-9304-3 Website: https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s11469-010-9304-3 Title: Youth, Friendship, and Gaming: A Network Perspective Author Frederik De Grove Journal details: Cyberpsychology, Behavior, and Social Networking. September 2014, 17(9): 603-608. doi:10.1089/cyber.2014.0088. Website: https://online.liebertpub.com/doi/abs/10.1089/cyber.2014.0088 Title: Addiction to the Internet and Online Gaming Authors: BRIAN D. NG, M.S. and PETER WIEMER-HASTINGS, Ph.D. Journal details: CYBERPSYCHOLOGY BEHAVIOR Volume 8, Number 2, 2005, pp.110-113 Website: https://eyepat.org/login/uploaded/Online%20addition%20study.pdf Title: Daily Violent Video Game Playing and Depression in Preadolescent Youth Authors: Susan R. Tortolero, Melissa F. Peskin, Elizabeth R. Baumler, Paula M. Cuccaro, Marc N. Elliott, Susan L. Davies, Ph.D.,3 Terri H. Lewis, Ph.D.,3 Stephen W. Banspach, David E. Kanouse, and Mark A. Schuster Journal details: CYBERPSYCHOLOGY, BEHAVIOR, AND SOCIAL NETWORKING Volume 17, Number 9, 2014, pp.609-616 DOI: 10.1089/cyber.2014.0091 Website: https://online.liebertpub.com/doi/pdfplus/10.1089/cyber.2014.0091?src=recsys

Argumentative Essay Example

Argumentative Essay Accounting Regulation: Word Count: 1195 Table of Contents:Page 1. 0 Argument in favour of tight accounting regulation: 1. 1 Introduction3 1. 2 The agency problem3 1. 3 Comparability of financial statements3 1. 4 Auditing4 1. 5 Auditor’s independence concerns4 1. 6 Credibility of financial reporting4 1. 7 Conclusion5 2. 0 Argument in favour of â€Å"Free market† regulation: 2. 1 Introduction6 2. 2 Information needs6 2. 3 Market for managers7 2. 4 Market for Corporate takeovers7 2. 5 Auditing7 2. 6 Conclusion7 3. 0 Summary of both arguments and position taken:8 . 0 Footnotes:9 5. 0 References:10 1. 0 In favour of tight accounting regulation: 1. 1 Introduction: Since the share market crash of 1929, accounting regulation has been introduced and developed to avoid further economic disasters. Tight regulation of accounting standards provide users of financial information with reliable and accurate information free of charge that will contribute to informed and educated decisi on making. The aim of the following paper will be to support and confirm the need for tight regulation of accounting standard setting process. 1. 2 The Agency Problem: Management have more knowledge of the firm than outsiders such as shareholders and debt holders and could theoretically create individually tailored and individually audited financial reports to every financier. Active trading in primary and secondary markets would mean that the number of separate contracts could become very large and thus strict uniform accounting standards have evolved as a low cost and efficient solution to a potentially expensive agency problem. 1. 3 Comparability of financial statements: The development of global businesses has led to demands for greater international comparability in financial reporting. Improved comparability benefits both producers and users of financial statements. Producers would achieve cost savings by avoiding the restatement by translation of accounting information, and there would be more efficient decision making by capital providers. Financial markets would also become more liquid and competitive resulting in less information risk and a lower cost of capital to firms. 1. 4 Auditing: The free market perspective assumes that auditing will take place in the absence of regulation and thus reducing the risk to shareholders. We will write a custom essay sample on Argumentative specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Argumentative specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Argumentative specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer However how are these auditors going to effectively evaluate and analyse a company’s financial statements without a financial reporting framework to adhere to? The tighter the regulation of accounting standards, the more efficient the auditors conduct will be. External audits will be much more expensive and time consuming to comprehend the particular accounting methods the company chooses to adopt if high regulatory standards are not in place. 1. 5 Auditor’s independence concerns: Auditor’s independence has been a significant issue in recent times which has contributed to major corporate collapses such as HIH and Enron. If tight regulation is not in place auditors will need to continually interact with management to comprehend the accounting methods chosen by management. This continuous interaction with management could represent a potential risk to the auditor’s independence and possibly lead to the public witnessing further corporate failures. 1. 6 Credibility of financial reporting: A question posed by Lafferty (1979) was â€Å"How do you explain to an intelligent public that it is possible for two companies in the same industry to follow entirely different accounting principles and both get a true and fair view audit report? The public may want to know how many true and fair views there are and whether there is any common standard against which to measure them all. † 1. 7 Conclusion The agency problem solution and the comparability of financial statements both act to significantly reduce costs to the firm. The continuous interaction between management and auditors would be a considerable risk without regulated standards and is a leading incentive to maintain strong regulation of accounting. Tight regulation of accounting standards is necessary to ensure shareholders and debt holders receive an optimal amount of information to make an informed decision. . 0 In favour of â€Å"free market† regulation: 2. 1 Introduction: The â€Å"free market† perspective on accounting regulation is the theory that demand and supply forces should be allowed to freely operate so as to generate an optimal supply of information about the entity. This approach would reduce the government’s regulatory authority over accounting standards and grant corporations with the power to decide which accounting methods best suit their businesses. The aim of this paper will be to indicate and discuss the potential benefits to corporations of adopting a free market approach to accounting regulation. . 2 Information needs: A reduction of regulation would witness organisations that do not produce adequate financial information penalised by higher costs of capital. A lack of detailed information to supply debt holders with would increase the risks associated with any finance to be obtained and therefore incur higher interest rates on any loans. This would then encourage managers to produce the necessary information in the financial statements to all users without the forces of regulation. Firms whose managers acquire a reputation for failing to disclose bad news are less likely to be followed by analysts and money managers, thus reducing the price and/or liquidity of the firms stocks. 2. 3 Market for managers: Without regulation management are encouraged to adopt their own strategies to maximise the value of the firm. These strategies, if effective, would provide a favourable view of their own performance which will be known to prospective employers and be reflected in their future salaries as well as positive price movements for the firm. An optimal amount of accounting information would also need to be provided in order to achieve an effective strategy that would increase the value of the firm. 2. 4 Market for Corporate takeovers: In an active market, under – performing organisations may be taken over by another entity, with the existing managerial team possibly replaced. Managers are therefore motivated to maximise their firm’s value to avoid this happening. They will be encouraged to provide any information required by the market to minimise the cost of capital and thereby increase the value of the firm. . 5 Auditing: In the absence of regulation a contractual demand would be in effect to have the financial reports audited by an external party. The audit will then improve the reliability of the financial information which will then in turn be expected to reduce the perceived risk to shareholders and debt holders resulting in further decreases to the firm’s costs of capital. 2. 6 Conclusion: Reg ulation of accounting information is deemed to be unnecessary as the market will punish those who do not disclose, or who do not disclose enough information. Personnel reputations and the risk of a corporate takeover serve to motivate managers to provide all the necessary information to interested parties in the absence of accounting regulation. Audits would also prove to be effective at reducing the firms cost of capital if no accounting regulation existed. 3. 0 Summary: A free market approach entrusts in the market to either discipline or reward management based on the financial disclosure decisions, whereas regulation of accounting standards does not rely on the market to enforce disclosure provisions as these are already made mandatory through regulation. A strict and uniform accounting structure provides a solution to a potentially expensive agency problem. On the other hand the free market approach does not provide a means for eliminating management’s ability to individually tailor separate financial statements to outsiders. Without a solution to this problem, firms would be exposed to greater costs, and debt holders to greater risks. The free market approach relies heavily on external auditing to prevent potential increases to costs of capital in the absence of regulation, however the auditors risk breaching their independence via this approach where accounting regulation would require much less interaction and therefore lower risks. The regulation of accounting standards provides comparability of financial statements that significantly reduce translation costs and costs to capital. The free market perspective on the other hand will incur greater translation costs and increased costs to capital without the ability to compare financial statements. The above points support the continuation of tight regulation of accounting standards as the free market approach cannot account for all the significant issues that surround financial reporting. The tight regulation of accounting standards stands as the most efficient and effective method for financial reporting. 4. 0 Footnotes: 1. Brown, P, amp; Tarca, A 2001, ‘Politics, Processes and the future of accounting standards’, Abacus, Vol. 37, no. 3, p. 268. 2. Brown, P, amp; Tarca, A 2001, ‘Politics, Processes and the future of accounting standards’, Abacus, Vol. 37, no. , p. 275. 3. Lafferty, M, (1979) ‘Why it is time for another leap forward’, accountancy, p. 51. 4. Skinner, D. J. (1994), ‘Why firms voluntarily disclose bad news’, journal of accounting research, 32(1), p. 40. 5. 0 References 1. Brown, P, amp; Tarca, A 2001, ‘Politics, Processes and the future of accounting standards’, Abacus, Vol. 37, no. 3, pp. 267-96. 2. Lafferty, M, 1979 ‘Why it is time for another leap forward’, accountancy, p. 51. 3. Skinner, D. J. 1994, ‘Why firms voluntarily disclose bad news’, journal of accounting research, Vol. 32, no. 1, pp. 38-60.

How to Stay Longer in a Company You Are Employed

How to Stay Longer in a Company You Are Employed Steps You Should Make to Work Longer in a Company Your dream has come true: having graduated from college or university you managed to find a position that meets your demands. However, at this very point, you are faced with a challenge of maintaining the job. According to the statistic data, one in two employed people resign having worked in a company for not more than two years, and more than 25% of the newly employed quit their jobs within the half of a year. That is why the answer to the question of how to stay longer in an organization after landing a job is important. There is one thing you must be aware of: sometimes those skills, experience, and abilities that allowed you to land a job are not enough to ensure you to stay longer in a job. Learn how to stay longer in a company you have managed to find a job in. Show Your Interest The first day you are at work, show everyone that you are enthusiastic and passionate about what you are doing. Make suggestions and lead the way in terms of improving your performance and making a significant contribution to companys well-being. Once the company sees you are doing your best to contribute to the companys development, your position will be entrenched. Do Not Avoid Challenges What a company should learn is that you are an enthusiastic and ambitious person. Those employees who are willing to take risks for the sake of the corporate goal going beyond accepted routines and liabilities have better chances of being noticed by the employers and stay longer having landed in a job. Do Not Stand Apart If this organization is the place you want to work in, make sure you are a part of it, but not stand apart. If you demonstrate a sincere interest in your colleagues or superiors activity, you demonstrate your engagement and enthusiasm. This way, your stay in the organization is more likely to be lengthened. Meet the Deadlines The employers highly respect those employees who show commitment and provide efficient outcomes of high quality. One of the most important factors that ensure an employees longer stay is the ability to meet deadlines. If you make it a habit to do every task in time, you will find it easier to cope with any task assigned. Work of High Quality What is important for an organization is to see that you are able to keep your promises in terms of delivering the outcomes. It is necessary for a candidate to understand that failing to deliver what you have promised lessens the chances of being employed longer. All in all, if you intend to stay in a company you are currently working in and see real career prospects, you should make efforts to demonstrate your commitment and value. The reward will not be long to wait: you will stay in your dream work.

Supply chain management of Cadburys Milk Chocolate Assignment

Supply chain management of Cadburys Milk Chocolate - Assignment Example Behind every one of these products is a Supply Chain, sometimes highly complex with flow of materials across numerous continents and some relatively simple. Besides, the divine Chocolate was set up by cocoa farmers with the aim of improving their sustainability and equity in the chocolate supply chain. In the process of production, the company invests in farmers is miniature compared to big players. Nonetheless, all the investments are substantial as part of its chocolate sales. This paper undertakes to provide an analysis of the of the end to end supply chain of Cadbury milk chocolate. This is done through highlighting on numerous issues such as the role of logistics, supply chain management, among others. Slack (2009, pp. 57) asserts that it is important to note that in answering to public call; most chocolate firms have decided to work on developing their supply through joining initiatives that insists on addressing several social issues. Some of the issues that such companies mus t address are under development, poverty, among others. These are some of the issues that push for the perpetuation of child labor in the supply chain of cocoa (Booth, 2010, pp. 23). The companies have also decided to focus on developing a more suitable, sustainable and equitable cocoa supply chain. The best supply chain will ensure that all the issues both for small and big players are solved through integration of a multi-stakeholder stratagem to address both social and environmental issues. Ideally, a sustainable cocoa supply chain will ensure that the partakers are treated with utmost respect and remunerated with better income. The partakers include those taking part in cultivation, harvesting, and processing of cocoa in the companies. The reasons why they must be given something they will support their livelihood is because it will aid in avoiding cases of child labor in the supply chain management. Logistics and Supply Chain According to Murphy and Wood (2010, pp.56) every org anization is always faced with the duty of moving materials. In the chain, there are manufacturers who their companies engage in the process of collection of raw materials. The raw materials come from the suppliers and delivered as finished goods to the consumers. Retails shops get the goods they sell from wholesalers. This can be compared to the television news service that collects reports from all over the globe and delivers them to their viewers. Most people stay in towns without knowing the process that food industries go through before they deliver a finished product to the consumers. It is important to note that at times, goods may go through a broader chain of supply before it reaches its destiny. This kind of movement is facilitated through logistics. In that regard, it is noteworthy that logistics facilitates all the aspects of movement and storage of materials on their journey from original supplier finally to the consumers (Christopher, 2010: 23). On an international sca le, an enormous effort is required for logistics. For instance countries like China

Computer Forensics Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2750 words

Computer Forensics - Research Paper Example The intention of this study is computer forensics as a way of searching and analyzing data stored in computers and other electronic media. Computer forensics aims at forensically examining digital data in order to present facts and opinions concerning the information gained. It is a relatively young forensic science when compared to the other forensics. The process has been highly misunderstood both in meaning and application. Computer forensics is commonly used to refer to the analysis and reporting of the information collected from the forensic analysis of digital-related media. It is a procedure which has been used for as long as computers have been in use. In recent years, cases of computer crimes have been on the rise. This has necessitated the adoption of computer forensics as a way of trying to nab criminals over the internet. The spread of computer related crimes has risen as the use of computers increases. In the modern world, almost all people use a computer to perform a du ty within the course of the day. People have fallen victims to computer crimes as computers are considered to be safe. Installation of security software in computers has not been able to prevent some of the crimes occurring in the cyberspace nowadays. However, this alone cannot be enough to protect data from access by unauthorized persons. There are numerous cyberspace crimes commonly occurring in modern times. The range of these crimes keeps increasing as technological advancements continue to set in. Online frauds Online frauds have become a common form of computer crimes. There have been a rising number of stock scams instigated by criminal traders over the internet. The effects of these frauds have been adverse on the business world. People have been tricked by conmen online posing to be selling items. Once payment has been done, the delivery of goods bought fails to occur. In the stock market scams, the prices of stocks have been affected by frauds carried out online. These fra uds can happen to any company, and there is a need for companies to ensure they protect themselves from possible fraudsters. Hacking This can be termed as the process of illegally accessing protected information in a computer system. It has become a common problem in the computer security framework (Thomas, 2002). Though efforts continue to be made to curb the problem, new technologies keep on being created by the hackers. The problem of hacking has been extensively linked to numerous security system failures. Hacking into national security systems has been identified as a commonly employed tactic by terrorists. When an individual hacks into a company server, he can be able to alter the information contained in the server. Virus These can be defined as programs created to maliciously

From Teacher To Facilitator Education Essay

From Teacher To Facilitator Education Essay As time pass by many definitions have changed. In the educational scene a major role change has occurred. A teacher has been changed to facilitator. As our young generation is very smart there is no need to teach them. Our major role is to facilitate them to sail smoothly around the world, to get along with the people and understand the concepts. As the teacher training institutions are lagging in metamorphosing the teacher into facilitator the responsibilities are with the schools to train their teachers and to change the teachers as to effective teachers or facilitators. The teacher is not an instructor or task masters; he/she is a helper and a guide. His/ her business is to suggest and not to impose. He does not actually train the pupils mind, he only shows him how to perfect his instruments of knowledge and helps and encourages him in the process. Sri Aurobindo. EXPECTED QUALITIES OF A TEACHER: A teacher should play a dynamic role in cultivating a sense of International understanding. It is highly possible in schools as it is said that the young bamboo can easily be bent. For which a teacher must have the following professional ethical values to become an effective teacher. Preparation and professional growth; A teacher must maintain an open mind towards educational theories and methods of teaching etc. He / she must try to refine and improve his/her method of teaching, evaluation and interaction etc. This can be attained by participating periodically in In service programmes. Relationship with pupils; An ethical teacher must have a fair relationship with the students. He/she should deal the pupils in a spirit of kindness and democracy. Any religious, political or other private beliefs should not be imposed on pupils. The teachers should protect the rights of pupils. Relationship with parents and community; Teachers should maintain a cordial relationship with the parents and community. Apart from attending school duties a teacher can take part in any activity which is for the improvement of the community. They should not attend any of the activities which would harm their teaching efficiency. Relationship between teachers and school officials; It should be very co operative, not to take any unfair or undue advantages of ones public position. They should not pass any unfavourable comments on any of their colleagues especially in their absence. CODE OF CONDUCT: Every profession has its own code of conduct to be followed by the practitioners. They are monitored by respective professional organizations to safeguard the dignity of the profession, like Bar council for Lawyers and Medical council for doctors. But there is no such professional body to monitor the code of conduct of teachers. As well as now a days there are some issues exposed by the Medias in such a way that the entire field of this profession becomes anti social. This creates an unsecured feeling among the teachers which affects their efficiency a lot. So, this is the duty of the school managements to take care of this and to provide comfort and spiritual support to the teachers to obtain maximum teaching efficiency. ROLE MODEL: Be the change what you want as the words of Mahatma the teacher one who wants to build the values in the young minds of his/her students must possess their own personal values like; Simplicity, Punctuality, Acting without bias, Being duty conscious, Maintaining language and dress code, Helping the poor and needy etc. According to Hawkins, the soul is not contained within the body but outside, in the theatre of commitments. It is the relationships that one forms with those around them, shape the personality and character of an individual. So, the teacher education institutes must take up the responsibility to inculcate the above values added to their curriculum. When a facilitator is kind, emphathetic and gives importance to human values. He himself becomes a role model. There is no need to preach or teach. He becomes the pied piper who lures away students with his enchanted knowledge. CLASS ROOM MANAGEMENT: Education is not filling a bucket but lighting a fire W.B.Yeats. Research has shown us that teachers actions in their class rooms have twice the impact on their students achievements as do school policies regarding curriculum, assessment, staff congeniality and community involvement. The teachers should be able to empathize with students, understand their world and listen to them. They should be certain, decided and clear in the way they communicate with students. PRINCIPLES OF TEACHING: According to Sri Aurobindo the principles of teaching are, The first principle of true teaching is that nothing can be taught. The second principle is that the mind has to be consulted in its growth. The third principle is to work from the near to the far; from that which is, to that which shall be. Any teacher who follows these principles can be an effective teacher. BEST PRACTICES FOR TEACHING, LEARNING IMPROVEMENT: Each child is unique. Educating the whole child is the need of the hour. Effective teacher will make a life changing difference for students, conform to effective practice and essential standards. In USA, it was initially focused on the employment of highly qualified teachers, and newer thinking has upgraded to highly effective teachers as no child should be left behind. The National Development Council of India in 2001 added this as one of the standards for the professional development which will improve the learning of students that every Teacher Training Institution should Focus on quality teaching including content knowledge and pedagogy for staff development. A teacher may possess all the appropriate content and pedagogical background and be fully licensed or certified to teach, but in reality, may not be one whose qualifications make a difference in the classroom. In other words, being highly qualified does not necessarily mean that a teacher is highly effective in facilitating student learning. An effective teacher is the one who is able to make children understand the concept, learn it and execute it. An effective facilitator does not complicate on the students brain with too much information like an expert cook adds only the essential amount of salt (information) to make the soup (studies) tasty. In fact, recent research asserts that the teacher is the most important factor affecting learning. The teacher is more important than family background or environment, and, classroom resources or technology. TEACHERS AS FACILITATORS: The Research Report at 7 major US Universities presented by Seymons and Hewitt (1977) describes the following as essentials for teaching effectiveness. All the schools can follow them for the school improvement and thus the national development. A method of assessing effective teaching by monitoring the students whether they are actively engaged, concentrating and interacting, laughing, completing tasks and anticipating what comes next. The teacher should be knowledgeable, enthusiastic, approachable and caring. The teacher should give constructive feedback and supports less able students, using a wide variety of teaching methods. The teacher should be responsible risk taker and willing to innovate. The teacher should appreciate the creativity of the students and encourage their thinking outside the box. The teacher should encourage the questioning attitude of the students. The focus in the classroom is on how to learn rather than what to learn. The skills of critical thinking should be consciously thought rather than asking the students to compare and contrast. Finally, the teacher should help the students to practice the skills. Sri Seshaas Teachers as Facilitators: We almost follow all the steps. In our school we provide a fear free schooling and the exact CCE (continuous and comprehensive evaluation) is carried out. There is no fixed date of exam and tension to the students and so they enjoy their stay and learning in the school. The most essential criteria for the appointment of teachers of our school is their attitude towards the children and their profession and not their number of degrees they have. We have 10% reservation in admission for the special children. We dont call them as less able but special. A team of our teachers under the leadership of our consultant psychologist works hard as responsible risk takers. We name it Punyabhadra. The students are encouraged in creating their own ideas rather than feeding them with ours. Whenever they take part in the outside competitions like science exhibition etc. We dont bother about the result but the students own ideas and active participation are given importance. This freedom made them even at NASA Space School Learning Centre to succeed with their miniature models of Rocket and Rover. We adopt idiscoveri methodology in which teaching learning is child centered. Our teachers job is to answer the students questions and not just to finish the number of topics. Every day morning assembly is taken charge by the students. Almost every student is given a chance to take part in it. It gives them a pride, encourages them to take responsibilities. As they give the thought for the day etc. and address the assembly they get rid of their stage fear. It is practical that the important incident of the day is let out for open discussion and helps the children to develop their critical thinking. School is a wonderful platform to bring out the students knowledge, skill and desire. In order to make our school children rational and to fulfill their objective we have 9 clubs like literary club, cookery club etc. functioning in our school. These clubs facilitate each child to find, to practice and to perform their skills. It helps them in improving their self confidence. We have a programme called Fancy Fete on every Republic day (26th Jan.). Its a display cum sales of craft works made by our children especially with waste materials, for a noble cause. Every year they donate the entire proceeds of this programme to a charitable home. CONCLUSION: An effective teacher can have a profound influence on learning so as to increase the student learning gains. School is an arena where a student learns everything. This is a place where a student learns everything. This is a place where a child is made to put his whole potential to invoke his/her hidden ideas. All our practices are aimed at creating good human beings and not any particular professionals. It might be a small step for us but itll be a giant leap for the innovative teaching learning field. If our motive is good its sure that we can do wonders. ACKNOWLEDGEMENT I, V.Minnalkodi, Principal of Sri Seshaas International Public School, Salem, Tamil Nadu, thank whole heartedly, the God Almighty for His blessings and for being always with me. I sincerely thank my management for their support and guidance especially for my correspondent, Mrs.B.Amarjothi for her friendly approach. I wish to thank my colleagues and students who are the real platform of my learning. I also wish to thank my family members who are my moral supporters.

Acc 400 Essay

Culotti’s Pizza operates strictly on a carryout basis. Customers pick up their orders at a counter where a clerk exchanges the pizza for cash. While at the counter, the customers can see other employees making the pizzas and the large ovens in which the pizzas are baked. Instructions: Identify the six principles of internal control and give and example of each principle that you might observe when picking up your pizza. (Note: It may not be possible to observe all principles.) The six principles of internal control are establishment of responsibility, Physical, mechanical, and electronic controls, segregation of duties, independent internal verification, documentation procedures, and other controls. 1.Establishment of responsibility: Establishment of responsibility depends on if one or more employees are receiving money from the customer. If this is the case it could cause an issue with the cash register coming up short. The manager would then have difficulty determining which individual is responsible for the shortage. 2.Physical, mechanical, and electronic controls: Physical controls pertain to safeguarding of assets, and records that help protect the company’s assets. Mechanical and Electronic controls safeguard assets and help intensify the accuracy of and responsibility of the records in accounting. Physical, Mechanical, and Electronic controls are imperative which include examples such as Safes, and safety deposit boxes, storage cabinets that are used for inventory and records, pass key access in companies, alarms, television monitors, and time clocks for recording of time. 3.Segregation of duties: Segregation of duties embodies the ideas that responsibility related activities should be delegated to different individuals and that record keeping for an asset should be kept separate from the physical custody of that same asset. When a customer walks into Culotti’s Pizza they can see employees making the pizzas in the oven area. The custody of the asset (in this case the pizza) is being kept separate from the front counter clerk. The front counter clerk stays out of the kitchen and is responsible for ringing up the sale in the register system (documenting the sale) and trading payment for the product. These are two duties that are within customer view that are kept segregat ed. 4.Independent Internal Verification: When walking in to pick up a pizza a  customer may see one employee on the cash register taking the cash from the customers to pay for the pizza. This employee is designated by the owner to maintain custody of the cash on hand. This internal control makes it easy for the owner to track down the person responsible if there are any discrepancies with the cash at the end of the day. A customer may also observe the employee when he or she is reading the register tape. This employee is verifying the transactions on the register tape with the cash that is in the drawer to make that each the amount of each transaction is accounted for by the cash that is in the drawer. 5.Documentation procedures: In the event of this story, there are no document procedures. 6.Other Controls: In consequence of employees handling the cash from the customers, each employee could be bonded, which allows insurance for the business due to the theft of the employees. Rotating the employees on the cash register at set times and making sure each closes their portion at the end of his or her shift. The procedure will allow the company to check each drawer and make sure it is correct. Finally, the company can do a background check on their employees. This information will provide the company with the information on potential employees and if he or she has ever been charged with a crime that relates to theft from another company. CHAPTER 7 PROBLEM SET B: P7-2B (PAGE 359) The board of trustees of a local church is concerned about the internal accounting controls pertaining to the offering collections made at weekly services. They ask you to serve on a three-person audit team with the internal auditor of the university and a CPA who has just joined the church. At a meeting of the audit team and the board of trustees you learn the following: 1. the church’s board of trustees has delegated responsibility for the financial management and audit of financial records to the finance committee. This group prepares the annual budget and approves major disbursements but is not involved in collections or record keeping. No audit has been made in recent years because the same trusted employee as kept church records and served as financial secretary for 15 years. The church does not carry any fidelity insurance. 2. The collection at the weekly service is taken by a team of ushers who volunteer to serve for 1 month. The ushers take the collection plates to a basement office at the rear of the  church. They hand their plates to the head usher and return to the church service. After all plates have been turned in, the head usher counts the cash received. They head usher then places the cash in the church safe along with a notation of the amount counted. The head usher volunteers to serve for 3 months. 3. The next morning the financial secretary opens the safe and recounts the collection. The secretary withholds $150-$200 in cash, depending on the cash expenditures expected for the week, and deposits the remainder of the collections in the bank. To facilitate the deposit, church members who contribute by check are asked to make their checks payable to â€Å"Cash†. 4. Each month the financial secretary reconciles the bank statement and submits a copy of the reconciliation to the board of trustees. The reconciliations have rarely contained any bank errors and have never shown any errors per book. Instructions: (a) Indicate the weakness in internal accounting control in the handling of collections. One weakness in the internal accounting control for handling collections includes the comprehensive use. In the event of internal audit control systems, they can be very broad in their application that creates a weaker audit control system (Vitez, O). A weakness in the handling of collections found could also be one since the cash is handled by multiple ushers and can become time consuming. This weakness also becomes difficult for management situations for the church members that attempt to maintain the proper business practices. The second weakness is the lack of knowledge that the individuals that handle and record the money have. If the ushers that count and record the money do not know how to properly record the fund this could lead to shortages. (b) List the improvements in internal control procedures that you plan to make at the next meeting of the audit team for (1) the ushers, (2) the hea d usher, (3) the financial secretary, and (4) the finance committee. The ushers will be on a rotation for a set amount of time so; every usher will at some point hold the responsibility of collecting the offering. A team of appointed ushers will take up the collection. The ushers will then take the collection to the back area of the church where the funds are counted. Once the money has been collected the ushers will then hand off the collection of funds to the head usher. The head usher will recount the funds received from the collection, and place the funds into the  church safe along with a total count of the funds that were collected. Improvements for the Financial Secretary: After re-counting the cash she should record how much was collected on an accounting record and record how much she kept on hand for that week and how much she deposited in the bank on this same record. Checks should be made payable to the name of the church for example â€Å"Saint Josephs or The First B aptist Church.† Improvements for the Finance Committee: The finance committee should have audits conducted at least once a year at random. The finance committee should run a background check on all members who handle cash. The finance committee should oversee the board of trustees and take final look at all financial records. The finance committee should get fidelity insurance. (c) What church policies should be changed to improve internal control? Audits should be done regularly to ensure the accuracy and that financial records are being completed ethically. I would suggest doing it on a quarterly basis. Additionally, the church should immediately obtain fidelity insurance. I see no problem with the monthly rotation of ushers who collect the donated funds; however they should stay in the basement office and serve as a witness to the counting of donated funds. The head usher should fill out a form stating how much has been received in cash and how much in check donations. The funds should then be placed in a sealed bag with the initials of those present written on the seal. Funds can continue to be placed in the church safe. The financial secretary needs to determine how much money is needed for the weekly expenditures and submit this amount along with the sealed bag of donations to the bank. She should then watch the bank verify the amount of cash and check donations in the sealed bag. The entire amount should be deposited and the financial secretary should then withdrawal the amount needed for the week either by withdrawal slip or check. Everything should be thoroughly documented in the bank’s financial records. Additionally, donations made in the bank form should never be written to cash but rather to the church itself to insure checks are going to the church and not for personal use. The financial secretary’s reconciled b ank statement should be reviewed thoroughly by another person before submittal to the board of trustees. REFERENCES: Kimmel, P. D., Weygandt, J. J., & Kieso, D. E. (2007). Financial accounting: Tools for business decision making (4th ed.). Hoboken, NJ: John Wiley & Sons. Vietz, Osmond. Weaknesses in an Internal Audit Control System. (2012).http://www.smallbusiness.chron.com/weaknesses-internal-audit-control-system-3810.html Williams, J. R., Haka, S. F., & Bettner, M. S. (2005). Financial & managerial accounting: The basis for business decisions (13th ed.). New York, NY: McGraw-Hill Companies.